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Investing in commodities may be something that investors thought of boring and dull only a few decades back but not anymore now. If you are interested in investing in companies that are involved in the production, transformation and distribution of commodities, than one of the best ways to do so is through investing in the Master Limited Partnership (MLP).

The shares that an MLP issues are called Units and the investors who own them are known as Unit Holders. MLPs are public entities that trade on public exchanges.  An MLP issues shares that trade on an exchange just like a company stocks that trades on an exchange.  You can invest in an MLP by buying its shares on an exchange.

When you invest in an MLP, you are essentially investing in public partnership.  There are tax advantages to investing in MLP. Unlike regular corporations, an MLP is only taxed once. Now most of the MLPs trade on the New York Stock Exchange. A few MLPs also trade on the NASDAQ and the AMEX. 

There is a tax exemption on MLPs. You must be curious how this tax advantage works out. Because of Congressional Legislation, any MLP that derives 90% or more of its income from the production, distribution and transformation of commodities qualifies for this tax exempt scheme.

Since an MLP has got the tax exempt status it will only have to generate only $1.54 for each dollar that you invest in it. Suppose you invest $1 in the stocks of a regular corporation and you are in the 35% tax bracket. Corporate tax is 30% of its before tax income.  This means that for each dollar that you invest you need to get at least $1/ (1-0.35) =$1.54 just in order to breakeven. So the corporation will have to generate $1.54/ (1-0.3) =$2.2 for each dollar that you invest in order to return you $1 after tax profit.

In most cases, the majority of these GPs in MLPs are other corporate entities setup with the specific purpose of running an MLP. This tax advantage gives an MLP competitive advantage as compared to other corporations when competing for assets. This means a huge advantage for an MLP. Now an MLP is run by a General Partner (GP). 

However, most GPs do a good job of running the MLP as it is in their financial interests. Now you must know as a limited partner in an MLP, you have limited voting rights. This means when you invest in an MLP, you are giving away the keys of ownership to the GP. This means you are out of the decision making in an MLP.

An MLP is obligated to distribute all available cash back to its unit holders on a quarterly basis, so you will be getting a quarterly income from your units. Secondly as the MLP expands and grows overtime, its units may give you capital gain as well. Investing in MLP units can give you quarterly cash flows as well as appreciation of the unit price. 

You as an investor should make yourself well acquainted with the working of an MLP. The reason MLPs exist is to distribute all available cash back to the MLP unit holders. As said, this has to be done on a quarterly basis. Knowing this fact can make you more aware before making your final investment decision in an MLP. The following factors are considered before determining the amount of cash distributed to each individual investor:

1) The difference between the total cash flow and the cash flow ploughed back into the MLP for futures growth. 2) How many units you hold as an MLP investor. 3) The incentive distribution rights created for the GP. These are just a few factors. There might be more as well. You need to understand the reasons behind the factors that determine the distribution of cash among the individual investors.

Now there are many always to go about doing commodity investing. First you need to determine the hottest commodity in the market like crude oil or gold. Then you need to search for an investment vehicle that can give you the best return. You must do your due diligence while making your investment decisions. There are always pros and cons of each investment vehicle! So once you decide to invest in commodities, you have many investment options like mutual funds, stocks, ETFs as well as MLPs.

You can invest in commodity stocks, you can invest in commodity ETFs, you can invest in commodity mutual funds. The possibilities are many. So investing in an MLP is just like investing in stocks. Investing in MLPs is quite simple. Since an MLP is a publicly traded entity. You can simply invest in an MLP by calling your broker and telling him or her how many units of a particular MLP you are interested in buying. 

There are not many MLPs registered in US. Something like 50 MLPs is being publicly traded in the United States. Out of these 50, 40 are energy MLPs meaning that they are involved in the storage terminals, pipelines, transportation, refining and distribution. Majority of MLPs trade on NYSE with a few trading on NASDAQ and AMEX! So you don’t have to do your research from a long list of MLPs. MLP sector is growing.

Most of these MLPs engage in infrastructure investment that can pay a steady stream of revenue overtime. Moreover, investing in pipelines and other energy infrastructure offers steady cash flow streams for an MLP. You only need to remember this 90% of the income that comes to an MLP should come from the production and distribution of commodities for these MLPs to have the tax exempt status.

When you make a decision to invest in MLPs, you should first try to make a list of questions that you need to be answered before you make your final decision. So when you invest in an MLP, you should look for answers to the following questions: 1) How much is the cash flow? And so on. 2) What’s the historical payout of the MLP? If your brokerage firm has published some research on the MLPs, you can reference that.

Don’t forget there is always some risk involved in any investment. The more return you demand, the more risk you will have to take. Now investing in MLPs do come with some risks like most of the infrastructure is like pipelines and drilling rigs that are vulnerable to natural disasters and earth quakes like the Hurricane Katrina, so any such event can have a negative impact on your investment.

Another factor that you need to take into account is the liquidity of your investment. Since the MLP is fairly small at this moment, there can be liquidity issues in withdrawing your investment from an MLP.  These are some of the risk that you can face while investing in an MLP. There is another risk related with the management. You don’t have much say in the management of the MLP. Running an MLP is basically a GP show. If you are not satisfied with the performance of the management or its policies only thing that you can do is to withdraw your investment from that MLP.

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