Money markets are defined as organized funds exchange. This enables members to lend and borrow money for a year max. These markets were prominent on two fronts. The first is the personal investor who wants to be able to invest a smaller amount of money while being able to take advantage of considerable safety and liquidity. The second front is that of governments, banks, and other businesses who’ve found this to be an efficient way to transact cash.
Purpose
The primary reason for money markets is to generate funds. That is true for both the private and public sectors. The attraction for many investors is the short-term money markets maturity that vary from 24 hours to a full year. Still, normative is around three months. It’s easy for investors to sell their investments ahead of the maturity, however they will lose the interest they could have earned if they had waited for them to mature.
Markets are bought and sold in secondary markets also. Secondary markets are where investors buy and sell assets and securities from investors as opposed to the issuing organizations. While there is a loose association of these markets in New York City, these centralized markets really do not have a centralized location.
Kinds of Tools
Most products are specialized which means they are regularly traded with large banks and finance organizations that have a better understanding of the money market. Popular money market instruments include: futures options and contracts, shares n market instruments, discount window, federal funds, repurchase agreements, and negotiable deposits certificates.
Other products also include things like: short term municipal securities, commercial paper, mutual funds, and bankers’ acceptances.
Short-Term Investment Pools
Short-term investment funds of local government pools, bank trust departments, and money market mutual funds are all listed under the umbrella of short-term investment pools. They mix different money market tools. Consequently, highly specialized money market products available and understandable to traders do not have the understanding needed for these instruments. Another advantage is that the minimum of $100,000 isn’t needed unlike it is to buy other money market products.
Money market mutual funds are managed by bank trust departments and are an assessable short-term investment pool. This type of mutual fund is either labeled as taxable exempt funds or taxable funds. Tax-exempt funds are free from all federal tax since the money is invested in securities that are given by local and state governments. Taxable funds are securities investments which include commercial papers and treasury bills; his demands investors to pay federal tax.
Eurodollars
The term Eurodollars is a bit deceiving, because it doesn’t have much to do with Europe. They’re actually United States dollars that are deposited in banks outside America. They get their name from the evolution of the market in Europe, but can be held in any country around the world. Banks benefit from them because they can be operated on a narrow margin and are somewhat regulation free. This means banks can circumvent the costs associated with regulations. One of the drawbacks of Eurodollar deposits is that they tend to require millions and it reaches maturity in several months. For this reason, the biggest organizations are able to attain the Eurodollar market. This type of investment has less liquidity than other money markets, although they do offer higher yields.
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